RELATIONSHIP OF CEREMONY, HEALTH AND TRAINING

To be able to understand the extent to which, closely related to the understanding of health and physical fitness, it is necessary to first put forth the limits of health (health) according to the laws in Indonesia, which read:

"What is meant by health in this law is covering body health, spiritual (mental) and social, and not only conditions that are free from disease, disability and weakness"

As for spiritual health (mental health) according to medical ideology at the present time, it is a condition that allows optimal physical, intellectual and emotional development of a person and the development goes hand in hand with the circumstances of others.

Social health is life in the community in such a way that every citizen has enough ability to maintain and advance his own life and the life of his family in the community which enables him to work, rest and enjoy entertainment in time. It is clear that the notion of health is comprehensive, concerning all aspects of human beings as psychososiosomatis beings, a round between the body and the environment.

Understanding Healthy

In a series of sports physiology knowledge, later understanding of health will only be expressed mainly in relation to the functions of the body's instruments in carrying out their duties to support the implementation of necessary physical activities. Soedjatmo Soemowardojo states that healthy according to physiology, is the normal function of body instruments. Because the functions of body tools change between a person's maximum state of rest and work, then being healthy in terms of physiology can be divided into two levels:

1. Static health: a state where the body's fungi are normal at rest.
2. Dynamic health: a state where the body's organs function normally at work.

A healthy dynamic person is also healthy static, but a healthy static is not necessarily healthy dynamically. Example: In patients with heart disease who have not severe symptoms will appear if the person is doing activities.

It is clear that someone who functions in the body's organs is only able to serve and adapt to the demands of physical needs at rest, or it is also said that only in a healthy state of static is very unproductive. Another case for someone who is in a dynamic healthy state, will be able to adjust to physical demands. Because physical demands for work vary greatly between light work and hard work, it means dynamic health is a relative understanding and changes between the state of rest and the maximum working state of a person.

Definition of physical freshness

Literally physical fitness means physical fitness or physical compatibility. And the things that must be suitable and matched are the tasks, which in its execution depend on the physical and religious aspects of the individual concerned. For example, to achieve the highest achievement needed to adjust the body shape of the sport concerned, the effectiveness of the organs for the sport, and the views or attitudes of individuals to carry out these activities.

So the term arises:

- anatomical fitness

- physiological fitness

- psychological fitness.

A person is said to have anatomical fitness to do a business / activity, if he meets the requirements of the complete body parts needed to carry out the activity.

Someone is said to have physiological fitness to do an activity, if he can do it skillfully and can recover quickly from the conditions that arise as a result of these activities. All activities require muscle strength, dexterity and endurance, although not the same for a variety of activities. Briefly physiological fitness is the body's ability to function optimally.

Someone said to have a psychological fitness to do an activity, if he has the necessary mental properties, for example a great will that allows overcoming or ignoring unpleasant feelings, pain and so forth as a result of the ongoing activity.

Professor Soetarman suggested the definition of physical fitness which would have been enough to be used as a guideline in dealing with the confusion of the terms of physical fitness as follows:

"Physical freshness is a comprehensive physical aspect that gives a person the ability to live a productive life and can adjust to each physical stress that is appropriate"

The weight of physical tasks on a person is very individual, and depends on each work assignment. For example, the physical duties of administrative employees are certainly different from those of production employees, in contrast to expert staff, different from sportsmen and so on. The heavier the physical task that must be done, the higher the physical fitness that must be possessed.

According to Soedjatmo Soemowerdoyo (1984) physical fitness is more focused on physiological fitness: that is, the body's ability to adjust the functions of its body organs within physiological limits to environmental conditions (altitude, humidity, temperature, etc.) and or work physically in a manner that is sufficiently efficient without excessive fatigue, so that it can still carry out other recreational activities and has undergone a perfect recovery before the same task arrives the next day.

From the above understanding it can be concluded that basically "physiological fitness" is a healthy degree that is in accordance with the physical tasks that must be performed by the person, so that physical fitness is actually a relative understanding.

Adding physical freshness, means holding an exercise; and physical exercise means increasing muscle strength and endurance. With increasing muscle strength, the posture becomes better, people can stand longer without falling unconscious and the possibility of enlargement of the veins in the legs (varices) decreases. With increased capillarization (increased active capillaries) in the heart muscle, as an exercise in endurance, it will reduce the chances of getting a heart attack (ischemic heart disease).

In essence physical fitness concerns the ability to adjust one's body to the physiological changes of the body caused by certain work, and describes the healthy degree of a person for various levels of physical activity.

We know that to be able to do something work requires a state of mind and body that is commensurate with that level of work. For an office employee for example, different physical and mental work is needed than a driver and he will have different conditions than trained fighter. So for each type of work conditions are necessary and fully functional so that physical fitness is a healthy degree that is in accordance with the weight of the physical task a person must do. Thus physical fitness is defined as the level of health that is suitable for the body to do certain work. Thus in physical fitness three elements are found, namely the element of health, the element suitable for the body, and the element of work. Healthy elements mean that the body's instruments are in a normal state without any disturbances such as fever, muscle injury and others that interfere with body activities.

In accordance with the body, it is interpreted as an ability of the body to adapt or adapt itself in such a way to work, so that it is not exhausted and can remain active in carrying out its duties to old age.

While work, practice is essentially an increase of physiological and biochemical processes in response to the increasing demands imposed on the organs of the body, as well as the entire system of our body.

Apart from that, it should be noted that in the process of life, our body must not only have physical and mental conditions that are suitable for its work, it must also be able and quick to be able to revise any changing working conditions. So a good physical and mental reserve is needed so that the passion for completing increased work can be guaranteed. Physical fitness as described here is physical physical fitness, namely the formation of reserve energy in the body organs and body systems, so that humans as a whole are able and ready to perform the tasks expected of it.

According to Dangsina Moeloek, in terms of physiology physical fitness is defined as the ability and ability of the body to make adjustments to the physical loading given to it without causing excessive fatigue. In the field of sports, to achieve high achievements, the existence of high physical fitness (good) on sportsmen is an absolute requirement that should not be ignored. A high level of physical fitness can improve appearance and reduce the possibility of injury.

Physical Fitness, Health and Work Productivity

From the above descriptions it is clear that the understanding of health in physiological and physical fitness fills one another, so that it can be said to be basically the same. This can be expressed as follows:

1. Physical fitness is owned by all people who have a high degree of health and who have a high degree of health and who have a low degree of health.
2. Fostering / increasing physical fitness means fostering / increasing the degree of health and physical work ability.
3. The ability to do heavier physical work means a higher degree of health.
4. A higher degree of health is reflected by the ability to do heavier physical work.

Starting from the lowest healthy degree, namely healthy static, to the highest health level, for example, an athlete who has just won the world cup, each must be based on a level of physical fitness that is also worth it. Indeed physical fitness is the main capital in human life; whether the person is a sportsman, ABRI, manual worker, moderate worker, or light worker such as students and students.

High physical fitness which means also a high degree of health will certainly support the increase in numbers present in offices, lectures and labs and field practice, due to a decrease in the number / possibility of illness.

Likewise for employees and workers with the same skills (skills) and other factors the same, the increase in physical fitness will be able to develop in tune with the increase in work performance. This can be caused by reduced fatigue and sickness.

In heavy work that requires more than 450 calories / hour of energy, physical ability factor is the most dominant thing in determining work performance, and for this very high level of physical fitness is needed. Because this high level of physical fitness is a guarantee to be able to do hard work for a long time, without any significant fatigue and health problems.

Light work that requires approximately 300 calories / hour of energy, here the intensity of physical loading is not heavy, but it may require a heavier brain work. For light workers, a physical training program is needed to maintain and improve physical fitness, because usually light workers are essentially immobile, so that health problems are easily caused by hypokinesis.

Physical Fitness Development

Having understood the relationship between physical fitness and work performance, including learning achievement as light physical work with heavy brain work, so does the role of physical fitness and dynamic health conditions towards efforts to enhance work performance, so now there is a new main problem that needs to be worked on namely :

"How to enhance physical fitness and then how to maintain that good level of physical fitness."

For this reason, it is necessary to learn what elements are involved in determining physical fitness. In general, experts agree that there are ten elements of physical fitness focused on sports physiology, namely:

1. resistance to disease

2. muscle strength and endurance

3. endurance of the heart, blood circulation and breathing

4. muscle power

5. flexibility

6. agility to change direction

7. speed

8. coordination

9. balance

10. accuracy

Giam and Teh distinguish between physical fitness related to health and those related to performance (appearance). Physical fitness related to health consists of:

1. Lung heart freshness and blood circulation

2. Body fat

3. Muscle strength

4. Flexibility

This component of freshness helps reduce the possibility of degenerative diseases and conditions related to physical inactivity. While the elements related to performance are:

1. Muscle endurance
2. Agility
3. Dexterity
4. Speed
5. Power
6. Balance

By expressing the elements mentioned above, it does not mean that all people must have and develop the ten elements perfectly, but depend on their needs and work. Every human being has advantages and disadvantages of each. Because the heart, blood circulation and breathing are directly related to a person's health. Kenneth H Cooper argues that the elements of endurance of the heart, blood circulation and breathing are the most important things. Because of that, the general effort to increase and maintain physical fitness, will use aerobic programs from Kennethh Cooper. Indeed, the heart, circulatory and respiratory systems are the main tools and distributors of all the elements needed by the body. Especially oxygen that functions for combustion in the processing of food substances in the body, so that it can produce the energy needed.

Given that oxygen cannot be stored as a supply in the body such as food substances, then when we have to do long and heavy physical work, breathing must also be activated to get enough oxygen. Through the bloodstream, oxygen is carried by all regions where food substances are stored, so that burning can produce enough energy for the physical work.

In everyday work, people generally will not lack energy, but if the work gets heavier and lasts longer, not necessarily everyone will be able to solve it. This is because the ability to channel oxygen is very limited and not the same level for everyone. So that we will find differences between parents and young people about their physical fitness. From this description it is clear that the best way to develop physical fitness is to do physical exercises, which force the body to channel oxygen to the energy generation process.

In an effort to increase and maintain physical fitness in general we take two stages.

1. Test someone's physical fitness.
2. Run a physical exercise program that is in accordance with the physical fitness status.

In general the results of the physical fitness test can be divided into two groups:

1. Fresh: here includes a very good and good level of physical fitness.
2. Not fresh: here includes the level of physical fitness is moderate, less and very lacking.

For those who are fresh, what needs to be done is to run a maintenance training program so that the level of physical fitness can also be maintained. For those who are classified as not fresh, this means that the level of physical fitness needs to be increased, namely by conducting an initial training program (starting program) and then continuing with a conditioning program. After completing the training conditions, this increased physical fitness needs to be maintained by carrying out a maintenance program.

Keep in mind that basically a physical fitness test is a workload. By checking and monitoring the reaction of the heart rate to this workload, it can be seen the size of the physical fitness status. Because this activity involves a very vital heart directly, it is necessary to have a medical examination by a doctor beforehand.

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